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Chart illustrating how members of Congress disclose stock trades years late under the STOCK Act

Public record · STOCK Act enforcement

The 45-day rule is a joke: how Congress files stock trades years late

The STOCK Act says members must disclose a trade within 45 days. One in five filings blows past that line — some by years — and the only penalty is a $200 fine they simply pay.

The scale of it

20%
of all disclosed buys since 2013 were filed past the legal 45-day limit. The median trade is disclosed 28 days out; the mean is 84, dragged up by a long tail of the very late.

The record is almost comic. Rep. Richard Allen disclosed a batch of trades on the same August 2023 day — one of them a Costco purchase from April 2017, 2,296 days (six years and three months) after the fact.

The repeat offenders

Who files late as a habit, not an accident

Plenty of members are late once. These file late almost every time — ranked by the share of their trades disclosed past the 45-day line, among members with 20+ buys.

Median days late to discloselater →
Thomas Suozzi92% of trades late
625d
Tom Malinowski94% of trades late
430d
Donna Shalala100% of trades late
405d
Valerie Hoyle96% of trades late
318d
Ritchie Torres100% of trades late
328d
John James98% of trades late
297d

A $200 fine on a trade worth up to $50,000 isn’t a deterrent. It’s a rounding error — and the filings prove members treat it like one.

Late filing is why the “just follow Congress” pitch fails even for the members who trade well. We found that copying the median member loses to the market outright, and that the few who do beat it are often the same people burying their trades for a year. You can’t copy a disclosure you never got.

The fine print

What’s next

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